Systemic Family Psychotherapy
In the systemic approach, the family is the main social context for mental disorders, but not the only one, and not always the most important one. Given that the family is an open system, psychotherapists do not only work with biological families or couples in a legal relationship. In addition to both partners and parents, children and other relatives such as grandparents are also involved, as well as other key persons and members of the helping professions such as doctors, teachers, social workers, etc. Their involvement in the psychotherapy process is direct and/or indirect, asking specific questions about the behavior, possible feelings and intentions of members of the system.
Couples psychotherapy with hetero- or homosexual couples is considered a form of family psychotherapy.
Systemic psychotherapy does not support interactions and structures that reinforce symptoms in the family, it questions dysfunctional ways of solving problems and stagnant, developmentally limiting family stories. Systemic psychotherapy aims to support new, health-promoting ways of family interaction, to encourage the search for new solutions and to create new family stories.
The main methods of psychotherapeutic work are systemic questions to clarify the relationship between symptoms and relationships, positive reframing of symptoms and other problems, symbolic-metaphorical methods such as the genogram and the family sculpture, the reflective team, as well as specific interventions in the final phase of the psychotherapy process and the development of new family rituals (cf. von Schlippe & Schweitzer, 1996).